Drone invasion targets US interests as UK launches criminal investigation
Exclusive : Military forces of neighbouring countries report no violation of their airspace by drone swarms
For almost 5 years, US forces have been under siege from advanced aerial platforms of unknown origin. More recently, these violations of restricted airspace have targeted American bases on British territory, particularly in the East of England. In addition, military forces in neighbouring countries report no increase in the number of airborne incursions, suggesting that this is an action targeting US military capabilities.
The French Air Force Information and Public Relations Service told Sentinel News that :
After verification, we inform you that no drone swarms have been observed on French territory, including all French military sites.
For its part, the Belgian Defence Press Service said:
We are not aware of any incidents of this nature that would have led our QRA (Quick Reaction Alert) to intervene in Belgian airspace in the last few days.
Moreover, it was the Dutch who took over this QRA from 24 September to 24 January. However, the Dutch have not given us any information about a possible incident of this kind. The Belgian Defence and the Dutch Armed Forces have a bilateral agreement on the exchange of information regarding a violation of their respective airspace.
Responding to questions from Sentinel News, Rehanna Jones, Senior Press Officer, Directorate of Defence Communications, Ministry of Defence, UK, reiterated the MoD's official position:
We take threats seriously and maintain robust measures at defence sites. We are supporting the US Air Force response.
She added :
The Ministry of Defence continues to take this matter seriously and continues to work closely with USVF (United States Visiting Forces), Police, and other partners to respond to recent events.
However, we will not be offering a running commentary on possible drone sightings, operational security matters or routine training flights around our airbases.
These statements echo a debate held in the House of Lords on November 27, 2024, in which the UK Defence Secretary Lord Coaker answered urgent questions from Parliament:
The Ministry of Defence is aware of these reports and is working closely with the US visiting forces, Home Office police forces and other partners to respond to recent events. We will work with the civil authorities to prosecute those responsible. We take any safety issues seriously and maintain robust measures at Ministry of Defence sites, including counter-drone capabilities.
This remains a live criminal investigation.
I can say that a civilian drone was observed in the vicinity of HMS “Queen Elizabeth” on 22 November, but it got no closer than 250 metres.
Let us be clear, in various pieces of legislation, not just the National Security Act, it is illegal for drones to be flown over or in the vicinity of these military sites. People should be aware of that, and local communities should be reassured. In terms of national security, the same Act that he and I passed under the last Government ensures that there are penalties of up to 14 years for this sort of activity, and people should be aware of that. All agencies and parts of the state will work to ensure that we identify and do what we can with those who are conducting these acts.
Asked by Lord Craig of Radley about the inability of the local police to investigate the matter, Lord Coaker replied:
The Gold Command for the sites in East Anglia is the Ministry of Defence Police. That force has the ability, knowledge and expertise to deal with some of the threats that the noble and gallant Lord has pointed out. His question demonstrates the need for the Ministry of Defence Police to work closely with Home Office police forces and other agencies to defend those sites.
A full transcript of the exchange can be found at the end of this article.
While the initial reaction of the Minister for Defence Procurement and Industry, Maria Eagle, was to say 'we have no concerns' in the House of Commons on the same day that Defence Secretary Coaker was answering questions in the House of Lords, it's clear that the tide has turned in the country that the Americans consider their most important ally. The fact that these drones are still unidentified, despite operating in one of the most protected areas on the planet and in all likelihood storing nuclear weapons, is a slap in the face of the US and UK military power.
In any case, the rhetoric used by the British authorities seems to rule out the hypothesis that this was a training exercise. Especially since, according to the BBC, the powerful Air Force's Office of Special Investigation has been sent to the site to carry out the investigation.
Meanwhile, in the US, the drone waves continue, with the FBI having just launched its own investigation into cases over New Jersey while the House of Representatives hosted a classified briefing with the Pentagon’s UFO Office.
Full transcript :
Viscount Stansgate : To ask His Majesty’s Government what assessment they have made of recent reports of drones flying over RAF bases in East Anglia.
The Minister of State, Ministry of Defence (Lord Coaker) (Lab) : The Ministry of Defence is aware of these reports and is working closely with the US visiting forces, Home Office police forces and other partners to respond to recent events. We will work with the civil authorities to prosecute those responsible. We take any safety issues seriously and maintain robust measures at Ministry of Defence sites, including counter-drone capabilities. My noble friend will understand that I am unable to comment further on the specific security procedures at our sites. This remains a live criminal investigation.
Viscount Stansgate (Lab) : My Lords, I thank my noble friend the Minister for the Answer that he was able to give. There have been additional sightings of unidentified drones over our aircraft carrier HMS “Queen Elizabeth”. It may be that these flights are not a coincidence. Does my noble friend agree that these are matters of potentially serious concern, given that drones are now so ubiquitous and given what we know their role is in warfare? The House will remember that Gatwick Airport was completely closed a few years ago by unidentified drones. As a result of that, the RAF has acquired new equipment, known as ORCUS, designed to deter drones. Do our Armed Forces have enough of it? Can my noble friend reassure the House that the Government are doing all they can to work with our international partners, especially the Americans, to find out what is going on and how best to protect our bases?
Lord Coaker (Lab) : I thank my noble friend for the question. We are working with our international partners, including the United States. Of course, we are trying to ensure that we have all the equipment that is needed to tackle any of these attacks that we face. Similarly, with respect to the aircraft carrier, I can say that a civilian drone was observed in the vicinity of HMS “Queen Elizabeth” on 22 November, but it got no closer than 250 metres. I can reassure my noble friend that we take all of this seriously, and we will work closely to ensure the safety of all our sites.
Baroness Goldie (Con) : My Lords, I am aware that there is a series of very effective assets which can be deployed to air defence. I do not expect the Minister to comment further on those, but I will ask him, specifically, how the ground-based air defence system is progressing.
Lord Coaker (Lab) : That is obviously a matter of real importance, and the defence review is looking at what we should do with respect to air defence in the round, including defence of the homeland, as the noble Baroness asks.
Lord Stirrup (CB) : My Lords, this is a question not just of defence sites but of much wider national resilience. We have seen the extensive use of drones in Ukraine against non-military targets. Can the Minister reassure the House that the Government will look at this problem in that much wider context? Quite clearly, we cannot mount air defence systems around every single part of our critical national infrastructure, and we have to ensure that we have some other method of protecting them against this new threat.
Lord Coaker (Lab) : I thank the noble and gallant Lord for that important comment, and I will make sure that it is reflected upon within the Ministry of Defence. He makes a really important point about air defence—of course that is an important aspect of it—but there are other ways of protecting our sites and other ways of conducting warfare. Ukraine has shown us the importance of hybrid warfare, and that certainly is something that the defence review will look at. But I will take his very important comments back to the MoD.
Lord Purvis of Tweed (LD) : The Minister worked very closely with me and others during the passage of the National Security Act 2023. The then Minister, the noble Lord, Lord Sharpe, was very responsive and worked collegiately across the whole House on a cross-party basis. Section 4 of that legislation is the prohibition of drones in the vicinity of prohibited places, which include these bases. I ask the Minister to reassure the House on two things: first, that local communities are very aware of the national security legislation in these areas; and, secondly, when it comes to a national security threat, that the full elements of law and order will be deployed under national security legislation to ensure that there are no breaches.
Lord Coaker (Lab) : I thank the noble Lord, Lord Purvis, for his question. He is quite right with respect to the National Security Act. Let us be clear, in various pieces of legislation, not just the National Security Act, it is illegal for drones to be flown over or in the vicinity of these military sites. People should be aware of that, and local communities should be reassured. In terms of national security, the same Act that he and I passed under the last Government ensures that there are penalties of up to 14 years for this sort of activity, and people should be aware of that. All agencies and parts of the state will work to ensure that we identify and do what we can with those who are conducting these acts.
Lord Lancaster of Kimbolton (Con) : My Lords, perhaps I might build on the question from the noble and gallant Lord, Lord Stirrup, if I may—or not.
Lord Harris of Haringey (Lab) : My Lords, I think it is this side. I refer to my interests in the register as chair of the National Preparedness Commission. I too wanted to follow up the question from the noble and gallant Lord, Lord Stirrup. This is a widespread issue. Drones are comparatively cheap; they are easy to mobilise; they can be used, potentially, with an explosive or chemical or even a radiological payload; and they can be used for hostile surveillance. There are all sorts of uses, not just by hostile nations, but by criminal gangs and terrorists and so on.
This is not just a question for national defence against national defence assets, but it must be a question of the police around the country having the appropriate equipment and facilities. Can the Minister reassure us that we are going to have that country-wide, whole-of-government response to the threat from drones, which, as we have seen in other countries, can be extensive?
Lord Coaker (Lab) : My noble friend makes a really important point. The defence review will address national resilience. As the noble and gallant Lord, Lord Stirrup, has also said, of course air defence means missiles and other things in the conventional way in which we interpret that term. It also includes being able to deal with low- tech mass efficiently and cost effectively. Clearly, we will need to address that—and we will—as the hybrid threat and the low-cost, low-technology threat will be part of the warfare of the future.
Lord Lancaster of Kimbolton (Con) : The Minister has outlined some of the challenges that we face but there is a bigger issue here. Under Article 3 of our NATO treaty, we have an obligation to deliver national resilience in the UK. It is not just about the air threat—it is about guarding critical national infrastructure, not just military bases but power stations. We have not done this en masse for a very long time, and, like other noble Lords, I simply seek reassurance that we are thinking about this in the SDR because the manpower required is significant. I declare my interest as director of the Army Reserve.
Lord Coaker (Lab) : I thank the noble Lord, Lord Lancaster, for the work he does as director of the Army Reserve. On national resilience, the threats and warfare of the future have been shown from Ukraine and elsewhere. It is not just tanks, it is not just aircraft—it is about national resilience to withstand hybrid attack, such as attacks on information and our critical national infrastructure. The ability to defend against physical and cyberattack is crucial to withstanding the threats that we will face in the future. That has to be a part of any future defence review, and it will be. Without it, we will leave our country weaker than it should be in the face of such threats.
Lord Craig of Radley (CB) : My Lords—
Lord Naseby (Con) : My Lords—
Lord Kennedy of Southwark (Lab Co-op) : My Lords, the House will hear from the noble and gallant Lord, Lord Craig.
Lord Craig of Radley (CB) : My Lords, does the deployment of Armed Forces personnel indicate that the local police forces do not have the ability to investigate drones, as required by the Air Traffic Management and Unmanned Aircraft Act 2021?
Lord Coaker (Lab) : The Gold Command for the sites in East Anglia is the Ministry of Defence Police. That force has the ability, knowledge and expertise to deal with some of the threats that the noble and gallant Lord has pointed out. His question demonstrates the need for the Ministry of Defence Police to work closely with Home Office police forces and other agencies to defend those sites.
Lord Naseby (Con) : My Lords—
Lord Kirkhope of Harrogate (Con) : My Lords—
Lord Kennedy of Southwark (Lab Co-op) : We will hear from the noble Lord, Lord Kirkhope.
Lord Kirkhope of Harrogate (Con) : As the operator of a registered drone under the CAA, my concerns are that in this country there is a considerable and increasing number of drones being operated by people illegally. They pose a direct threat, not only to military installations and the zones around our airfields, but around civil facilities. Can the Minister comment on how much policing is going on generally, and how many prosecutions of these illegal activities are taking place?
Lord Coaker (Lab) : The illegal use of drones is certainly an area of concern for us all. In terms of the numbers of prosecutions, the best thing for me to do, which would be of benefit to the noble Lord and the whole House, is for me to refer to my colleagues across government for a satisfactory answer. I shall then write to the noble Lord with the statistics he requests about what action is taking place, and put a copy of the letter in the Library.